Tuberculosis (TB)
Understanding Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also involve other organs such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB spreads through tiny droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Although it is preventable and curable, TB remains one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide.
Causes and Risk Factors
The main cause of tuberculosis is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, not everyone infected develops active TB—many remain in a latent stage without symptoms. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or poor nutrition, are at higher risk of developing active TB. Crowded living conditions, poor ventilation, and prolonged exposure to an infected person also increase the likelihood of contracting the disease.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Early detection of TB is critical for effective treatment and preventing its spread. Diagnostic methods include skin tests (Mantoux test), blood tests, chest X-rays, and sputum analysis to detect the TB bacteria. In complicated cases, advanced imaging and culture techniques may be required. Specialists like Dr. Vipul Mishra ensure comprehensive evaluation to differentiate TB from other lung diseases that may mimic similar symptoms.
Treatment and Management
TB treatment typically involves a long course of multiple antibiotics, usually lasting 6 to 9 months. Adherence to the treatment plan is essential to prevent drug resistance, which can lead to multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), a more difficult condition to manage. Along with medications, proper nutrition, rest, and monitoring of side effects are important parts of recovery. In severe or drug-resistant cases, advanced therapies and extended treatment durations may be necessary.
Living with Tuberculosis
A TB diagnosis can be overwhelming, but with the right care and guidance, patients can make a full recovery. Dr. Vipul Mishra emphasizes the importance of completing the full course of treatment, attending regular check-ups, and practicing infection control measures to prevent spreading the disease to others. With timely intervention and ongoing support, patients with TB can regain their health and return to normal daily life.